Imeko yobuninzi bemveliso yephepha eTshayina kwimarike yokubonelela ngemveliso

Isishwankathelo esiSiseko soShishino

Iphepha le-FBBZezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, nokuba kukufunda, ukubhala amaphephandaba, ukupeyinta, ukunxibelelana nephepha, okanye kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kwezolimo nakwimizi-mveliso yokhuselo, kodwa azinakwenza ngaphandle kwephepha.

Enyanisweni, ishishini lephepha linemiba ebanzi nemxinwa. Ngokwembono ebanzi, ishishini lephepha, kuquka ukwenziwa kwepulp, iphepha kunyeIifektri zePhepha loBugcisa obuGloss, ngendlela yeshishini kukho uthotho lwemizi-mveliso, oko kukuthi, "ukucubungula nokuvelisa i-pulp - sebenzisa i-pulp ukuvelisa iphepha - ngephepha okanye ikhadibhodi ukuze uqhubeke ukucubungula" likhonkco elipheleleyo. Ngokwembono emxinwa, ishishini lephepha libhekisa kuphela kwi-pulp okanye ezinye izinto ezikrwada (ezifana ne-slag cotton, i-mica, i-asbestos, njl.njl.) ezixhonywe kwiifayibha zolwelo, ngomatshini wephepha okanye ezinye izixhobo zokubumba, okanye ukwenziwa kwephepha kunye nebhodi yephepha eqhutywa ngesandla, oko kukuthi, indlela yokusebenzaIphepha leKhadi loBugcisa eliQokelelweyoukwenziwa kwemveliso, ukwenziwa kwephepha elenziwe ngesandla kunye nokucutshungulwaIphepha leBhodi ye-Ivory yoMgangatho oPhakamileyoukwenziwa kwemveliso kwiindidi ezintathu.

Uphuhliso lwemarike yoshishino

Nangona iingenelo zoqoqosho zehle kakhulu, kodwa umthamo wemveliso uzinzile kwaye wanda kancinci ukukhusela ukunikezelwa kwemveliso yephepha kwimarike.

Ishishini lephepha lelinye lamashishini aphambili kweli lizwe, lishishini elibalulekileyo lezinto ezisisiseko, uthotho lweshishini lwemveliso yepulp, iphepha kunye nephepha azingomthwali wenkcubeko kuphela, izinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezinto zokupakisha, okanye isayensi kunye netekhnoloji, ukhuselo lwesizwe, ishishini kunye nezolimo kunye nezinye iindawo kufuneka zibe zizixhobo ezisisiseko, ishishini lalo libandakanya ezolimo, amahlathi, ishishini leekhemikhali, oomatshini, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, i-biology, amandla, ezothutho kunye nezinye iindawo.

Ngokutsho kwengxelo ethi “Uhlalutyo lweMeko yoPhuhliso lweShishini lePhepha laseTshayina kunye neNgxelo yoPhando lweMilinganiselo yoTyalo-mali (2023-2030)” ekhutshwe yinethiwekhi yophando, emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, ishishini lephepha laseTshayina liye laphuhliswa kwaye landa kancinci kancinci, imakethi yeemveliso zephepha itshintshile ukusuka ekunqongopheni kwangaphambili ukuya kwibhalansi esisiseko yohlobo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yenze ibhalansi esisiseko yepateni yemveliso kunye nemfuno, uninzi lweemveliso luye lwahlangabezana neemfuno zemakethi yasekhaya. Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini lephepha likwagxile ngakumbi ekuphuculeni umgangatho. Ngoku lihlala lilungisa isakhiwo semizi-mveliso, lisusa izixhobo ezincinci ezingcolisayo, ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi, ngelixa lityala imali kwisantya esiphezulu, ububanzi obukhulu bomatshini omtsha wephepha. Uqoqosho olujikelezayo, olunekhabhoni ephantsi kunye noluluhlaza luye lwaba ngumxholo omtsha wophuhliso.

Nangona u-2022 ngenxa yokuncipha kwemfuno, ukukhwankqiswa kobonelelo, ulindelo luba buthathaka kunye nezinye uxinzelelo oluninzi olubekwe phezu kwempembelelo yezixhobo eziluhlaza nezincedisayo kunye namaxabiso amandla kunye nobhubhane omtsha wesithsaba obangelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukulindelwa okugqithisileyo kunye nezinye izinto, kangangokuba iindleko zamashishini okwenza amaphepha zinyuke kakhulu iingenelo zoqoqosho. 2022 Ingeniso yokusebenza ye-pulp, iphepha kunye nemveliso yephepha yaseTshayina kushishino lonke igqityiwe yi-CNY1.52 trillion, ukunyuka kwe-0.44%; ukufumana inzuzo iyonke ye-CNY62.1 billion, yehle nge-29.79%.

Kodwa emva kwemizamo engapheliyo yoshishino lwephepha, yoyisa ubunzima bokulwa nempembelelo yezinto ezininzi ezimbi ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okufezekisa ukuveliswa kweenkwenkwezi ezizinzileyo kwaye zanda kancinci ukukhusela ukunikezelwa kwemveliso yephepha kwimarike. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2022 iTshayina yagqiba ukuvelisa ipulp, iphepha kunye nephepha kunye neemveliso zephepha zizonke zifikelele kwi-283.91 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kwe-1.32%. Phakathi kwazo, imveliso yephepha kunye nephepha leetoni ezizizigidi ezili-124.25, ukwanda kwe-2.64% kunyaka ophelileyo; imveliso yepulp yeetoni ezizizigidi ezingama-85.87, ukwanda kwe-5.01% kunyaka ophelileyo; imveliso yeemveliso zephepha ezizizigidi ezingama-73.79 zeetoni, ukwehla kwe-4.65% kunyaka ophelileyo.