Ibhodi yephepha yebakala lokutyaihlala ibalulekile kwishishini lokupakisha, isenza malunga ne-31% yokupakishwa kokutya kwihlabathi. Abavelisi bakhetha iinketho ezizodwa ezifanaIbhodi ye-Ivory Board yeBanga lokutya lePhepha or Ukutya kwiBanga eliMhlophe ikhadibhodiukuthintela ukosuleleka. Iibhodi ezingezizo ukutya zingaqulatha:
- Ioyile yamaminerali
- Iibisphenols
- IiPhthalates
- PFASs
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweBhodi yePhepha leBanga lokutya
Ukufumana iMathiriyeli ecocekileyo ecocekileyo
Abavelisi baqala ngokukhetha imathiriyeli ekrwada ehlangabezana nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho. Basebenzisa i-pulp yenkuni enyulu evela kwimithombo evuselelekayo, ehlala ifunyenwe kumahlathi alawulwayo nanokulandeleka. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba akukho michiza engaziwayo ingena kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Kuphela ziikhemikhali ezivunyiweyo zokudibana nokutya ezivumelekileyo, kwaye ababoneleli kufuneka balandele imigangatho yococeko ukuthintela ukosuleleka. IiMill zisebenza phantsi kwe-Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) kwaye zigcina izatifikethi ezifana ne-ISO 22000 kunye neFSSC 22000. Uvavanyo oluthe gqolo kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo lujonga ukucoceka kweekhemikhali kunye ne-microbiological. La manyathelo aqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya zikhuselekile kuqhagamshelwano lokutya ngokuthe ngqo.
Ingcebiso:Ukukhetha izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinokulandeleka ekrwada sisiseko sokupakishwa kokutya okukhuselekileyo.
I-Pulping kunye nokulungiswa kweFayibha
Inyathelo elilandelayo libandakanya ukuguqula iinkuni zibe yipulp.I-chemical pulpingiindlela, ezifana nenkqubo kraft, ukunyibilikisa lignin kunye nemicu eyahlukileyo. Le ndlela ivelisa imicu eyomeleleyo, enyulu, eyimfuneko kwibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya. Iintsinga ezinyulu zikhethwa ngenxa yokuba zinde, zomelele, kwaye zicocekile kunemicu esetyenzisiweyo. Iintsinga ezisetyenzisiweyo zisenokuqulatha iintsalela ezifana nee-inki okanye izinto zokuncamathelisa, ezinokubeka emngciphekweni wempilo ukuba zifudukela ekutyeni. Ngokusebenzisa i-chemical pulping kunye ne-virgin fibers, abavelisi baqinisekisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokucoceka kunye namandla kwizicelo zokupakisha ukutya.
| Indlela yokutsala | Inkcazo | Impembelelo kwiFiber Purity kunye noMgangatho |
|---|---|---|
| Ukutsalwa kwemichiza | Isebenzisa iikhemikhali ukunyibilikisa i-lignin | Ukucoceka okuphezulu, iifayibha ezomeleleyo, zilungele ukupakishwa kokutya |
| I-Mechanical Pulping | Ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni imicu | Ukucoceka okuphantsi, iifiber ezibuthathaka, ezingafanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kokutya |
| Semichemical Pulping | Ikhemikhali ethambileyo + unyango lomatshini | Ubunyulu kunye namandla aphakathi |
Ukucoca kunye nokuCoca iiFibers
Emva kwe-pulping, iifiber zicocwa kwaye zicocwe ukuze zisuse ukungcola. Izinto ezinzima ezifana namatye kunye neziqwenga zetsimbi zohlulwe kusetyenziswa izicoci ezinoxinano oluphezulu. Amasuntswana amahle anjengesanti asuswa nge-hydrocyclones, ngelixa ungcoliseko olulula njengeeplastiki kunye ne-adhesives zihluzwa ngaphandle kusetyenziswa izicoci ezibuyela umva kunye nokuhlola itekhnoloji. Ezi zigaba zokucoca zisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal kunye nomahluko othile womxhuzulane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kushiyeke imicu ecocekileyo kuphela. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekuveliseni ibhodi yephepha yomgangatho wokutya ehlangabezana neemfuno zococeko kunye nokhuseleko.
Ukwenziwa kwePhepha leBhodi yePhepha
Nje ukuba iintsinga zicocekile, abavelisi benza iphepha lebhodi yephepha besebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo. Iindlela zokubeka izinto ezininzi, ezinjengokongeza iibhokisi zentloko zesibini okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini bocingo obubini, vumela imixube eyahlukeneyo yefiber ukuba ibekwe ukuze ibe namandla afanelekileyo kunye neempawu zomhlaba. Oomatshini bokubumba i-cylinder benza iibhodi ezityebileyo, eziqinileyo, ezilungele ukupakisha iimveliso ezifana neebhokisi zesiriyeli. Amalaphu okwenza i-polarized aphucula amanzi kunye nokucoceka, ukunciphisa ikhefu kunye nokwandisa umthamo wemveliso. Ezi nkqubo zihamba phambili zinceda ekudaleni ibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya kunye neempawu eziyimfuneko zokuthintela ukukhusela ukutya kubumanzi, ioksijini, kunye nokukhanya.
- Ukwalekwa kwezinto ezininzi kwandisa amandla kunye nomgangatho womphezulu.
- Oomatshini abakhethekileyo baqinisekisa ubukhulu obufanayo kunye nokuqina.
- Amalaphu okwenza udidi oluphezulu aphucula ucoceko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ukufaka iiNgqungquthela eziKhuselekileyo kuKutya kunye noNyango
Ukukhusela ngakumbi ukutya, abavelisi bafaka iingubo ezikhuselekileyo zokutya kwibhodi yephepha. Iingubo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-polyethylene (PE), i-biopolymer extrusion coatings, kunye ne-wax. Ezi zogquma zinika imiqobo ethintela ukufuma, ioyile, amafutha kunye neoksijini. Zikwavumela ukutywinwa kobushushu kwaye zithintele ukutya ekunamatheleni kwipakethe. Iingubo ezikhuselekileyo zokutya zithobela i-FDA kunye nemigangatho ye-EU, iqinisekisa ukuba ukupakishwa kukhuselekile kuzo zombini izicelo zokutya ezishushu nezibandayo. Iingubo ezintsha zokwaleka zijolise ekuzinzeni, zibonelela ngeendlela ezinokuvundiswa kunye ne-biodegradable ezihambelana ne-eco-friendly trends.
Ukomisa nokuGqiba iBhodi
Inkqubo yokomisa kunye nokugqiba iphakamisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho webhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya. I-Calender kunye ne-supercalendering igudisa umphezulu kunye nokwandisa ubuninzi, okuphucula amandla kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi. Ubungakanani bokwambatha ibhodi ngezinto ezifana nesitatshi okanye i-casein, ukonyusa ioyile kunye nokumelana negrisi. Kuphela kusetyenziswa iphepha lebakala elinyulu ukuthintela ukosuleleka. Imigangatho ichaza iimfuno ezifana nobukhulu obufanayo, ukungabikho kweziphene, kunye nezinto ezincinci zokugqabhuka kunye nokukrazula. La manyathelo okugqiba aqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu efunekayo yokupakishwa kokutya.
- I-Calender ilula kwaye yomeleza umphezulu.
- I-Supercalendering yandisa ukuxinana kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi.
- Ubungakanani buphucula imbonakalo kunye neempawu zokuthintela.
- Imigangatho engqongqo iqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokusebenza.
Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye noVavanyo
Phambi kokuba ibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya ifikelele kwimarike, iphantsi kolawulo olungqongqo novavanyo. Izifundo zokufuduka zijonga ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ukusuka ebhodini ukuya ekutyeni. Uvavanyo lubandakanya uhlalutyo lwezongezo, ii-monomers, kunye nezinto ezingadityaniswanga ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba azifuduki kumanqanaba angakhuselekanga. Uvavanyo lwe-Organoleptic luqinisekisa ukuba ibhodi ayichaphazeli incasa, ivumba, okanye ukubonakala kokutya. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo efana ne-FDA 21 CFR 176.170 kunye ne-EU (EC) 1935/2004 inyanzelekile. Abavelisi nabo benza uhlalutyo lokubumba kunye neemvavanyo zokusebenza komzimba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza.
- Ukufuduka kunye novavanyo lwe-organoleptic luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya.
- Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yehlabathi kuyafuneka.
- Uhlalutyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali luqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso.
Ukuthotyelwa kunye noKhuseleko lokutya kwiBhodi yePhepha leBanga lokuTya
IiMfuno zoLawulo lweNtlanganiso
Abavelisi kufuneka balandele imithetho engqongqo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya likhuselekile kunxibelelwano lokutya ngokuthe ngqo. I-United States kunye ne-European Union zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula. I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) igxile kwizinto ezizimeleyo kwaye ivumela izongezo ngaphandle kokuba zibonakaliswe ziyingozi. I-European Union ifuna imvume yangaphambili yezongezo kwaye isebenzisa iinombolo ze-E ukuleyibheli. Yomibini le mimandla inyanzelisa imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko, kodwa i-EU ivavanya imveliso yokugqibela kwaye ayivumeli ukukhululwa. I-Asia, kuquka neJapan, inolwazi oluncinci loluntu malunga nemimiselo yayo yebhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya.
| Umba | eMelika (FDA) | IManyano yaseYurophu (EFSA kunye neKhomishini yaseYurophu) |
|---|---|---|
| UGunyaziwe woLawulo | I-FDA ilawula phantsi komthetho we-federal; imithetho ethile karhulumente | IKhomishini yaseYurophu ibeka imithetho; amazwe angamalungu anokongeza iimfuno |
| Unyanzeliso | Gxininisa ekupakishweni kokutya | Igubungela zombini izinto zokupakisha kunye nezinto zendlu ngokulinganayo |
| Imvume eyongezelelweyo | Ivumela ngaphandle kokuba ibonakaliswe inobungozi | Ifuna imvume yangaphambili; uvala ezinye izongezo ezivunyelwe yi-US |
| Ukuleyibhile | Amagama awongezo apheleleyo ayafuneka | Usebenzisa amanani e-E kwizongezo |
Iziqinisekiso kunye noPhicotho-zincwadi
Izatifikethi zinceda abavelisi babonise ukuzinikela kwabo kukhuseleko lokutya kunye nomgangatho. Isiqinisekiso sokutya okuKhuselekileyo (SQF) sisebenzisa imigaqo ye-HACCP kwaye sidinga inkqubo yolawulo oluluqilima. Isiqinisekiso se-Recycled Paperboard Technical Association (RPTA) siqinisekisa ukuba i-paperboard ihlangabezana nemigangatho yoqhagamshelwano lokutya. I-ISO 9001: I-2015 igxile kwimveliso eqhubekayo kunye nokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Ezinye izatifikethi, ezifana ne-FSC kunye ne-SFI, zibonisa ukufunwa okunoxanduva kunye nozinzo. Uphicotho oluthe rhoqo lujonga ukuba iinkampani ziyayilandela le migangatho kwaye zigcine iinkqubo zazo zisexesheni.
| Igama lesatifikethi | Indawo ekugxilwe kuyo | Iikhrayitheriya zokuFumana iSiqinisekiso |
|---|---|---|
| SQF | Ukhuseleko lokutya | Isicwangciso esisekwe kwi-HACCP, inkqubo yomgangatho |
| I-RPTA | Ibhodi yoQhagamshelwano lokutya | Idibana nemigangatho yebakala lokutya |
| ISO 9001:2015 | Umgangatho kunye nokuVeliswa | Iinkqubo ezihambelanayo, ukuphuculwa |
| FSC/SFI | Uzinzo | Ulawulo lwamahlathi olunenkathalo |
Ukulandelelwa kunye noXwebhu
Ukulandeleka kunika iinkampani amandla okulandelela onke amanyathelo kwikhonkco lokubonelela. Oku kubanceda bafumane umthombo wayo nayiphi na ingxaki ngokukhawuleza kwaye balawule ukukhumbula ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukulandeleka kukwaxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwaye kwakha ukuthembana kubathengi. Iinkqubo zedijithali ziphucula ukugcinwa kwerekhodi kunye namaxesha okuphendula ngexesha leziganeko zokhuseleko lokutya. Iinkampani zigcina amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha malunga nemathiriyeli, iinkqubo, kunye nababoneleli ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli kunye nokhuseleko.
- Ukulandeleka kuphucula ukhuseleko lokutya ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
- Ivumela ulawulo lokukhumbula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ixhasa ukuthotyelwa.
- Ukungafihlisi kwandisa ukuthembana kwabathengi kwaye kunceda ukulawula izehlo.
Inqanaba ngalinye lokuvelisa ibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya lixhasa ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokuthembeka kokupakishwa. Ukubambelela kwimigangatho yokhuseleko lokutya kwakha ukuthembana kwabathengi kunyeikhusela isidima sohlobo. Abavelisi baxhamla kwiziqinisekiso, ngelixa ubugcisa obutsha kunye nezenzo ezizinzileyo ziqhubeka nokuphucula ukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo ekupakishweni kokutya.
FAQ
Yintoni eyenza ibhodi yephepha ibakala lokutya?
Ibhodi yephepha yebakala lokutyaisebenzisa imicu enyulu, imichiza ekhusela ukutya, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwezempilo. Abavelisi bavavanya ukucoceka kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lokutya.
Ingaba ibhodi yephepha yebakala lokutya ingaphinda isetyenziswe?
Ewe, uninziibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya iyarisayikilishwa. Iibhodi ezicocekileyo nezingagqunywanga ziyarisayikilishwa ngokulula. Iibhodi ezigqunyiweyo zinokufuna iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokurisayikilishwa.
Kutheni abavelisi besebenzisa iingubo kwibhodi yephepha lebakala lokutya?
Izinto zokwaleka zikhusela ukutya kubumanzi, kwigrisi nakwioksijini. Bakwanceda ibhodi ukuxhathisa amabala kunye nokuphucula amandla ayo okupakisha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-11-2025